Economics of Organizations Essay Example for Free

Economics of Organizations Essay Introduction Coca-Cola is one of the world largest beverage companies in the world. The company offers its consumers with more than 500 sparkling and still brands.   The company is best known for its flagship invention of the product coca-cola which was invented in the in 1886 John stitch Pemberton. The management of the company has committed efforts toward ensuring that the company continues to offer quality products to its consumers. The company has managed to grow and expand where it now operates in over 200 countries worldwide with a customer base of approximately 1. 7 billion. In this case the coca cola company mainly produces the syrup concentrate, which is later sold to the various bottlers company worldwide. The company has engaged into many corporate social responsibility projects globally (CSR).   The CSR projects are economically important to the company as they improve business relation between the management and the stakeholders.   The company has established numerous globalization policies which are in line with the company mission to refresh the world both in the body and in the spirit. In addition, the management of the company aims at ensuring that the company create value and make a difference everywhere they engage.   Most importantly, the company also aims at ensuring that they introduce brand that help to satisfy the needs of all people. The company has been one of the most prominent companies in the beverage industry worldwide. Corporate Social Responsibility Coca-Cola operates in more than 200 countries globally.   Ultimately, there is need for the company to engage in many activities which have economic benefit to the communities around their business. Ultimately, organizations are expected to observe economic components that are they should conduct their business in such a way that they are consistent maximizing earnings per share (Asongu 84). Coca-cola is not unexceptional, hence the company should determine perfectly how they conduct their business so that to remain in the competitive edge hence maximizing the amount of profits they make.   It is economically important to for companies in this sector should ensure that they maintain strong but health competitions for a common objective of the shareholders.   Evidently, the only possible means to maintain a healthy relationship with the stakeholders is by engaging them through corporate social responsibilities projects (Asongu 84).   In addition the company should be defined by its consistent profitability of its total output productivity. The objectives behind the coca-cola company engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility activities it to guarantee sustainability.   Basically, the company bases it operations on the business ethics such as initiating development projects, contribution to training, facilitating economic growth among others (In Idowu 201).   It is evident that is if a company is economically stable it offers many benefits to the shareholders and the larger country in general. For instance, if a company is economically stable it will employ people and it will greatly contribute towards building a stronger economical country.   Coca-cola Company is always keen to ensure it has followed the due process and theories concerning how it operates corporate social responsibility projects or activities. Ultimately, Social responsibility has four dimensions that the company should be socially responsible. These include, legal, economic, voluntary and ethical.   Coca-cola Company is more focused to create profits but should aims to ensure the wellbeing of the society at the same time ensuring the set laws and regulations by the legal systems. Voluntary responsibilities for a company entail the ability of companies to initiate programs and other activities that aims to ensure wellbeing of the surrounding community. In business context, companies which ensure ethics and social responsibility in all levels of their operations are likely to have better outcomes than those which do not ensure social responsibility and ethics. For many years now, coca-cola company has followed and maintained the basic economic rules governing the manner at which Corporate Social Responsibility is carried out.   Many of its activities and programs are long term which has the aim to affirm the sustainability of the company (Idowu Leal 46).   Basically, the company has established many measures which ensure they are in line with the rules and model. Analysis of the company organizational structure and its modus operandi it is evident that the company has managed to achieve their objectives. This is because the despite the fact that the company is organized into several regions the top management has implemented control measure of ensuring that the company in all the regional groups produce the same brands. According to the report released in 2008 there is an indication that the company is performing stunningly in the corporate responsibility sector.   The most areas which the company performs perfectly are issues concerning water issues carbon dioxide emission and product packaging. Corporate responsibility or sustainability is the key factors for companies to achieve good productivity (Idowu Leal 46).   Good ethics and social performance go hand in hand in ensuring that the company achieves good performance.   The fact that the company engages in many social corporate responsibility activity helps the company to enhance its brand image and reputation. Evidently, customers habitually are attracted to brands and companies having good reputations in corporate responsibility areas. The tables below show the performance of coca-cola in relation corporate social responsibility activities. In this context, the company uses appropriate social accounting procedures which help the company to handle properly all matters concerning accountability.   The company uses annual audits from credible firms and inspections to ensure success of these programs.   For instance the statistics indicates a positive growth in the green house project footprint. Ultimately, this project has many economic advantages to the people and world in general (Asongu 86). Reduction of green house gases helps to eliminate harmful gases which are the major threats to the economy of all countries in the world. As a matter of fact, Coca Cola Company appears to have good strategies which guarantee long term CSR programs irrespective of the mother country. Conclusion From the above discussion it is evident that, Coca-Cola operates in more than 200 countries globally.   Ultimately, there is need for the company to engage in many activities which have economic benefit to the communities around their business. The fact that the organization more than 500 sparkling and still brands gives it a better chance to engage in many activities which tend to benefit the society where they operate in.   These projects are economically important to both society in general and the company.   Basically, voluntary responsibilities for a company entail the ability of companies to initiate programs and other activities that aims to ensure wellbeing of the surrounding community. In business context, companies which ensure ethics and social responsibility in all levels of their operations are likely to have better outcomes than those which do not ensure social responsibility and ethics References Asongu, J.J. Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Practice. Lawrenceville, GA:   Ã‚   Greenview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Publishing, 2007. Print. Idowu, Samuel O, and Filho W. Leal. Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Berlin: Springer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Berlin, 2008. Print. Idowu, Samuel O. Professionals Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. , 2009. Print.

Manatee :: essays research papers

Manatee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The manatee popularly called the sea cow is any of the species of large water animals in the genus Trichechus. There are three species of manatee with T. inunguis found in the Amazon and Orinoco river systems; T. manatus is found in central Florida and along the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts; and T. senegalenis found in the rivers of tropical West Africa. A manatee is a slow moving, seal shaped mammal that lives in shallow coastal waters where rich plant grows. It usually is at home in salt or fresh water but rarely straying far from home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A manatee is grayish-black stout thick skinned animals and almost hairless. Its corpulent body tapers to a horizontally flattened, round tail. The fore limbs are set close to it’s head and are used to push algae, such as seaweed and other water plants toward their mouths. They have a small head, with a straight snout and cleft upper lip with bristly hairs. Adults can grow up to 15ft (4.6 meters) but they usually only grow to about 10 feet. They weigh an average of 1300 pounds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manatees live in small family groups sometimes up to herds of 15-20. After a gestation of up to 6 months, usually a single pinkish calf is born. Manatees ferquently communicate by muzzle to muzzle contact and when alarmed they emit chripy squeaks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of manatees has been reduced over the past several years due to heavy hunting for their hides, meat, and blubber oil. Some governments, including the United States, have placed the manatees under the endangered species list. One practical reason for this is that they have proved useful in clearin girrigation and transport channels clogged with aquatic plant life.

Community Health Needs Assessment Tools Health And Social Care Essay

The research demand to bring forth qualitative and quantitative informations sing a peculiar community wellness demand is straight proportionate to the impact that the peculiar wellness demand has on the community and sometimes even the mortality/morbidity generated by the peculiar wellness job. In this respect, in this current appraisal we review the wellness demands of coal excavation workers in West Virginia, USA to place jeopardies and hazard factors refering to their wellness, by virtuousness of their designated profession. Community wellness demands appraisal is a strict undertaking that serves the population under survey by clarifying the current demands, reflecting the state of affairs which is frequently non balanced between wellness suppliers, insurance strategies, wellness disposal and/or community leaders. It besides serves at placing peculiar demands that are overlooked by health care functionaries that are either fresh or debatable by clarifying perceived and expressed wellness and well-being demands. In other words, it can be a utile means to picture the selected community ‘s skyline in regard to wellness demands, health care deficits and aetiology, all utile countries for the facilitation of better public wellness direction. In order to execute an accurate community wellness demands appraisal, research should be grounded on an up to day of the month background survey of the selected population ‘s demographics and nose count ( socioeconomic, work force and other ) informations, where available. Furthermore, peculiar wellness factors should be taken into history by pull offing information presently disseminated through health care functionaries ( such as mortality, disease prevalence, hazard factors analysis ) . This research would besides profit from an on-site reappraisal of environmental and work related conditions, if possible. The most utile and widely used instrument to carry on a community wellness demands appraisal and subsequent analysis is by agencies of a structured questionnaire based study that will use cross sectional and population specific points targeted at the current wellness demand. Furthermore, the instrument should be designed with attending to environment and province specific conditions, such as ordinances and Torahs, insurance coverage and even so, local traditions and unwritten codifications of behavior. For the above grounds, in this essay we will carry on a reappraisal of available information on the community of Coal Mining Workers in West Virginia, USA. After the acquisition and analysis of the pertaining informations, we will show a structured study instrument, taking to place wellness demands with regard to bing wellness jobs and patient satisfaction. BACKGROUND-RESEARCH We searched a broad array of online databases and administrations supplying demographic and other information for the population in inquiry. We besides conducted a MEDLINE hunt, to pull the image of already identified wellness demands and/or needs appraisals already conducted in this population. Search footings employed were â€Å" coal workers † , â€Å" west Virginia † , â€Å" wellness demands † , â€Å" pneumonoconiosis ‘ , â€Å" interstitial lung disease † , â€Å" occupational jeopardy † entirely or in combination. West Virginia is a province in the Middle atlantic subdivision of the USA, capital Charleston. The province is ill-famed for its mountain composing and important coal excavation industries. The mineral and coal resources in the country are huge, and West Virginia has been considered to hold fuelled a great portion of the industrial revolution of the developed universe. Furthermore, coal excavation and related work constituted major portion of the employment activities of the province, while still in the twenty-first century, it is believed that mining safety and environmental concerns are amongst the most ambitious issues confronting the province. In 2009, West Virginia was inhabited by 1,819,777 people. 5.6 % of West Virginia ‘s population were reported as under 5, 22.3 % under 18, and 15.3 % were 65 or older. Females made up about 51.4 % of the population ( United States Census Bureau, 2010 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to US Census Bureau Data, West Virginia is the 3rd lowest in per capita income province. It besides ranks last at average family income. Virginia ‘s grownup population with a unmarried man ‘s grade is the lowest in the U.S. At 17.3 % . The chief economic system is coal, and the province is the lead in coal production, 2nd merely to Wyoming.From the West Virginia Office of Miners ‘ Health, Safety and Training we find that the West Virginia Coal Industry provides about 30,000 direct occupations in WV, including mineworkers, mine contractors, coal readying works employees and mine supply companies. In peculiar 20,715 are registered as employees in the 188 active coal mines in WV, while an extra 4,842 work as an independent contractor. From the same beginning we read that for 2009, fatal accidents were 3, non fatal accidents 1,164 and the accident frequence was estimated to be A 2.79 % . Involved in accidents are chiefly high electromotive force equipment, and countries in and around river burden outs. But apart from human deaths, a major wellness job for VW coal excavation workers is pneumonoconiosis, or ‘black lung ‘ . The CDC has implemented a safety and wellness chapter sing occupational Respiratory Disease Surveillance, and particularly for coal mineworkers, the Enhanced Coal Workers ‘ Health Surveillance Program ( ECWHSP ) . The ECWHSP includes studies that include specifically designed standardized wellness questionnaires, work histories, spirometry testing, radiographic scrutinies, and aggregation of other relevant wellness information, which are gathered in a specially designed nomadic scrutiny unit by trained forces on site.Results of the ECWHSP 2009 study on mine workers in West Virginia are shown on table 1: Finding Examined Rate Entire Engagement 1,884 20 % 9,593 pneumonoconiosis ( & gt ; =1/0 or PMF ) . 93 5 % 1,884 pneumonoconiosis ( & gt ; =2/1 or PMF ) . 43 2 % PMF 24 1 % advanced pneumonoconiosis 35 2 % hold a chronic cough. 624 34 % conveying up emotionlessnesss from their thorax. 690 38 % hold chest sounds of wheezing. 613 34 % hold had an onslaught of wheezing 738 41 % hold experienced dyspnoea on degree 741 41 % hold experienced dyspnoea on a hill 1,119 62 % hold chest stringency 672 37 % hold chronic bronchitis. 142 8 % hold emphysema. 79 4 % hold had pneumonia 337 19 % hold asthma 132 7 % hold TB. 4 0 % ne'er smoked. 954 53 % former tobacco users 455 25 % current tobacco users 393 22 % Although under a batch of debate, coal and in general volatiles ( dust ) have been proven by sufficient evident as causes of respiratory harm. In item, in coal mineworkers a important association between the degree of FEV1 and dust was found, even after accommodation for age, build and smoke ( Cowie,1999 ; Soutar 1989 ) . Some more interesting figures arise from the State Health Facts web site, shown in Table 2: Measured index WEST VIRGINIA USA Age-Adjusted Invasive Cancer Incidence Rate per 100,000 Population, 2005 484.2 458.4 Births of Low Birth weight as a Percentage of All Births, 2006 9.7 8.3 Number of Deaths per 100,000 Population, 2007 951.7 760.31 Life Expectancy at Birth ( in old ages ) , 2005 75.3 78.0 Percentage of Adults Who Have Ever Been Told by a Doctor that They Have Diabetess, 2008 11,9 8,2 Number of Deaths Due to Diseases of the Heart per 100,000 Population, 2006 236,9 200,2 Asthma prevalence among grownups 9.0 8,2 Percentage of Adult Population Aged 21-64 Old ages Who Reported a Disability, 2007 22,4 12,8 The above figures need to be assessed in cautiousness sing the high prevalence of â€Å" business of coal worker † in West Virginia. Apart from the evident pathophysiology of dust come ining the lungs and rendering them inveterate inflammatory, with marks of fibrosis and atelectasia or other interstitial pneumonic disease or pneumonoconiasis, wellness demands of coal excavation workers are extended to a assortment of diseases that are non as normally identifiable at the first expression. Although current testing methods and occupational policies do be for these workers, they tend to be centred on respiratory diseases. Coal Mining nevertheless, is a demanding, clip devouring manual labor that is frequently clamant and causes a assortment of clinical manifestations. As such we can see lower dorsum hurting, physical restrictions ( Galagher,2005 ) cervical spinal column degenerative alterations, vibration-hazard related organic structure alterations, sudden coronary decease ( Kopytina et al, 1993 ) , skin lesions ( Begraca et al, 1991 ) and mental wellness alterations ( Lagunov,1991 ) . Furthermore, the coal excavation community frequently has unmet demands on the degree of healthcare entree and use, that different stakeholders are normally incognizant. In a survey by Smith et al,2005 a community wellness demands appraisal was the agencies to the proviso of a community nurse and a alteration in healthcare proviso among former mineworkers in Kent. Having reviewed the major constituents of community wellness demands appraisal for mine workers in West Virginia and holding conducted the appropriate background reappraisal, we propose the undermentioned questionnaire as a tool to carry oning an effectual and fruitful rating of sensed and existent wellness demands, in a community of mine workers. This tool comprises of a wellness demands assessment portion, where the replies are left unfastened and positions are encouraged for propositions in order to ease the analysis of expected wellness and engagement to wellness concerns. The 2nd portion is a standardised demographics and wellness questionnaire that is used widely in this signifier, with minor changes in measuring the perceived wellness and demographic information of the survey population in inquiry. Emphasis is given on other diseases that might impact the coal excavation community ( participants are requested to number five-5 major wellness concerns ) and on sensed degree of attending and attention this community is having or should be having harmonizing to its demands. A inquiry sing their sibling ‘s wellness is put in the terminal to clarify concerns that are besides documented in the literature sing out of site taint with dust by coal workers that bring their occupational jeopardy in the household place or by scattering in neighborly countries ( Pless-Mulloli et Al, 2001 ) . Questionnaire: We are carry oning a reappraisal of the Health Needs within the WV coal excavation community. Along with statistical informations and analysis we are besides interested in your point of views. Instruction manuals Part One: Health Problems There are several factors that influence or find whether the people in your coal mineworker ‘s community are healthy. From the undermentioned list, delight rank from 1-5 ( 1 being the highest precedence ) what you think are the top five wellness and disablement issues impacting your community? Health Issue Your Ranking ( 1-5 ) Asthma / Respiratory Disease / Pneumoconiasis Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Depression / Psychiatric Disorders Diabetess Disability Drug and Alcohol usage Nutrition Fleshiness Oral Health Physical Injury ( including force and accidents ) Self injury / Suicide Sexual Health Smoking Other ( delight stipulate below ) What do you believe is needed to turn to the top three precedence issues identified above and what difference will this do? Issue 1: Issue 2: Issue 3: What is needed? What is needed? What is needed? What difference will this do? What difference will this do? What difference will this do? How much influence do you believe the following have as to whether people in your coal excavation community are healthy? Please mark each factor with an Ten, ranking â€Å" influence † from 1-5 following with an Ten Influence ( 1 is most, 5 is least ) Factors 1 2 3 4 5 Cost of services Ease of entree to wellness services Education Employment Family support Housing Income Social Isolation Conveyance Community support Insurance position Other ( delight stipulate below ) Your inside informations Please supply us with some information about yourself. This will help us with the analysis of the questionnaire consequences. Please mark the following that applies to you with an Ten Name ( optional ) Cultural Group American German decent Latino Other Gender Male Female Age Range Children ( aged 0 – 14 ) Adults ( aged 25 – 64 ) Youth ( aged 15 – 24 ) Older Peoples ( aged 65+ ) Where make you populate? metropolitan country county How many old ages have you worked in the coal excavation sector? ( figure of old ages ) Make you see your ego healthy? Yes No What is your chief concern? How frequently do you see a physician? List one preventative diagnostic trial that you had the old 6 months: ( colorectal showing, pap trial, ECG, CXR, ultrasonogram etc ) : Does your employer offer wellness promotion/wellness plans? Yes No Type of wellness insurance ( province ) : In the undermentioned subdivision, select which answer describes you. *Note that N/A stands for non applicableAAlways Sometimes Never N/A You wear a place belt: You wear a helmet when siting a bike, Rollerblading or skateboarding: You drive the posted velocity bound: You eat at least 5 helpings of fruits and veggies each twenty-four hours: You eat fast nutrient more than one time a hebdomad: You exercise at a moderate gait at least 30 proceedingss per twenty-four hours, 5 yearss per hebdomad: You consume more than 3 alcoholic drinks per twenty-four hours ( female ) or more than 5 per twenty-four hours ( male ) : You smoke coffin nails: You chew baccy: You are exposed to secondhand fume in your place or at work: You use illegal drugs ( marihuana, cocaine, Methedrine, etc. ) : You perform self-exams for malignant neoplastic disease ( chest or testicular ) : You wash your custodies with soap and H2O after utilizing the public toilet: You undergo physiotherapy for lower dorsum hurting You apply sunscreen earlier planned clip outside: You get a grippe shooting each twelvemonth: You pattern safe sex ( rubber or other barrier method, etc. ) : You take vitamin pills or addendums day-to-day: You spend money on chancing more than one time a month: You attend spiritual services on a regular basis: You volunteer in your community ( church, schools, civic organisations, etc. ) : You donate money to community based organisations ( churches, non net income organisations, etc. ) : You get adequate sleep each dark ( 7-9 hours ) : You feel stressed out: You feel happy about your life: You feel lonely: You worry about losing your occupation: You feel safe in your community: You are afraid for your kids ‘s wellness You feel that the authorities is apt for your wellness You feel that the authorities is apt for your kids ‘s wellness

Mercury Facts - Periodic Table of the Elements

Mercury is the only metallic element that is a liquid at room temperature. This dense metal is atomic number 80 with element symbol Hg. This collection of mercury facts includes atomic data, the electron configuration, chemical and physical properties, and history of the element. Mercury Basic Facts Symbol: HgAtomic Number: 80Atomic Weight: 200.59Element Classification: Transition MetalCAS Number: 7439-97-6Mercury Periodic Table LocationGroup: 12Period: 6Block: d Mercury Electron Configuration Short Form: [Xe]4f145d106s2Long Form: 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p64f145d106s2Shell Structure: 2 8 18 32 18 2 Mercury Discovery Discovery Date: Known to the ancient Hindus and Chinese. Mercury has been found in Egyptian tombs dating to 1500 B.C.Name: Mercury derives its name from the association between the planet Mercury and its use in alchemy. The alchemical symbol for mercury was the same for the metal and the planet. The element symbol, Hg, is derived from the Latin name hydragyrum meaning water silver. Mercury Physical Data State at room temperature (300 K): LiquidAppearance: heavy silvery white metalDensity: 13.546 g/cc (20  °C)Melting Point: 234.32 K (-38.83  °C or -37.894  °F)Boiling Point: 356.62 K (356.62  °C or 629.77  °F)Critical Point: 1750 K at 172 MPaHeat of Fusion: 2.29 kJ/molHeat of Vaporization: 59.11 kJ/molMolar Heat Capacity: 27.983 J/mol ·KSpecific Heat: 0.138 J/g ·K (at 20  °C) Mercury Atomic Data Oxidation States: 2 , 1Electronegativity: 2.00Electron Affinity: not stableAtomic Radius: 1.32 Ã…Atomic Volume: 14.8 cc/molIonic Radius: 1.10 Ã… (2e) 1.27 Ã… (1e)Covalent Radius: 1.32 Ã…Van der Waals Radius: 1.55 Ã…First Ionization Energy: 1007.065 kJ/molSecond Ionization Energy: 1809.755 kJ/molThird Ionization Energy: 3299.796 kJ/mol Mercury Nuclear Data Number of isotopes: There are 7 naturally occurring isotopes of mercury..Isotopes and % abundance: 196Hg (0.15), 198Hg (9.97), 199Hg (198.968), 200Hg (23.1), 201Hg (13.18), 202Hg (29.86) and 204Hg (6.87) Mercury Crystal Data Lattice Structure: RhombohedralLattice Constant: 2.990 Ã…Debye Temperature: 100.00 K Mercury Uses Mercury is amalgamated with gold to facilitate the recovery of gold from its ores. Mercury is used to make thermometers, diffusion pumps, barometers, mercury vapor lamps, mercury switches, pesticides, batteries, dental preparations, antifouling paints, pigments, and catalysts. Many of the salts and organic mercury compounds are important. Miscellaneous Mercury Facts Mercury compounds with the 2 oxidation states are known as mercuric in older texts. Example: HgCl2 was known as mercuric chloride.Mercury compounds with the 1 oxidation state are known as mercurous in older texts. Example: Hg2Cl2 was known as mercurous chloride.Mercury is rarely found free in nature. Mercury is harvested from cinnabar (mercury(I) sulfide - HgS). It is extracted by heating the ore and collecting the mercury vapor produced.Mercury is also known by the name quicksilver.Mercury is one of the few elements that is liquid at ordinary room temperatures.Mercury and its compounds are highly poisonous. Mercury is readily absorbed across unbroken skin or though the respiratory or gatroinstestinal tract. It acts as a cumulative poison.Mercury is very volatile in air. When room temperature air (20 °C) is saturated with mercury vapor, the concentration greatly exceeds the toxic limit. The concentration, and thus the danger, increases at higher temperatures.Early alchemists believ ed all metals contained varying amounts of mercury. Mercury was used in many experiments to transmute one metal into another.Chinese alchemists believed mercury promoted health and extended life and included it with several medicines.Mercury readily forms alloys with other metals, called amalgams. The term amalgam literally means alloy of mercury in Latin.An electrical discharge will cause mercury to combine with the noble gases argon, krypton, neon, and xenon.Mercury is one of the heavy metals. Many metals have a higher density than mercury, yet are not considered to be heavy metals. This is because heavy metals are both extremely dense and highly toxic. Sources Eisler, R. (2006). Mercury hazards to living organisms. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-9212-2.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.Norrby, L.J. (1991). Why is mercury liquid? Or, why do relativistic effects not get into chemistry textbooks?. Journal of Chemical Education. 68 (2): 110. doi:10.1021/ed068p110Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4. Return to the Periodic Table